Heb. 11 Heroes of Faith Study
Deborah's Messianic Ministries
Rabbin/Dr. Deborah Brandt Ph.D.
Elijah The Prophet of YHWH ELOHIM
These are the Days of Elijah, but who was Elijah and what can we learn from His Life, especially with regard to the time prior to Yeshua's return?
Studying the Heros of Faith is an important character study of what makes a Man or Woman of God great. Is it how well they can speak? How good do they look? How many people they can draw to their meetings? Or is it the life they led, that brought glory to YHWH ELOHIM and not to themselves?
The names mentioned in Hebrews 11 and others whose names were not mentioned, but their actions were, because of their faithfulness and obedience to YHWH ELOHIM and their commitment to not seeing their own life as important, but proclaiming YHWH ELOHIM's kingdom, even if it meant giving up their own lives. Note, they did have flaws and weaknesses, don't we all? However, they were quick to repent and finish the race that was set before them. Their lives were not necessarily easy, but they had one thing in common, THEIR FAITHFULNESS to YHWH ELOHIM, and their FAITH in YHWH ELOHIM.
They were mentioned as an example of what it means to be great in the eyes of The Almighty, YHWH ELOHIM. All looking forward to the coming of Messiah, the REDEEMER, the greatest man who ever lived, YESHUA HA MASHIACH, Yahweh Elohim in the flesh. King of Kings and Lord of Lords. The NAME ABOVE ALL NAMES.
The Heroes of Faith.
Hebrews 11:1-3,
6, 32-38 All Scriptures from Tree of Life Version
Heb 11:1 Now faith is the substance
of things hoped for, the evidence of realities not seen.
Heb 11:2 For by it the elders received commendation.
Heb 11:3 By faith we understand that the universe was
created by the word of God, so that what is seen did not come from anything
visible.
Heb 11:6 Now without faith it is impossible to please
God. For the one who comes to God must believe that He exists and that He is a
rewarder of those who seek Him.
Hebrews 11:1-3,
6, 32-38
Heb 11:32 And what more shall I say? For time would
fail me if I tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, also of David and Samuel
and the prophets.
Heb 11:33 By faith they conquered kingdoms,
administered justice, obtained promises, shut the mouths of lions,
Heb 11:34 quenched the power of fire, escaped the edge
of the sword, were made strong out of weakness, became mighty in war, and made
foreign armies flee.
Heb 11:35 Women received their dead raised back to
life; and others were tortured, after not accepting release, so they might
obtain a better resurrection.
Heb 11:36 Others experienced the trial of mocking and
scourging—yes, and even chains and prison.
Heb 11:37 They were stoned, they were sawed in two, they
were murdered with the sword. They went around in sheepskins and goatskins;
they were destitute, afflicted, mistreated.
Heb 11:38 The world was not worthy of them! They
wandered around in deserts and mountains, caves and holes in the ground.
Biography of Elijah/Eliyahu
1. Elijah’s name (Heb. ʾēliyyāhû [less often ʾēliyyâ] = “my God is
Yahweh”) intimates his program, and the story of his ministry goes hand in hand
with his historical figure. He was a champion of exclusive Yahweh worship in
the time of Ahab (871–852 b.c.) and Ahaziah (852–851) of Israel. According to 1
Kgs. 17:1 he was from Tishbe in Gilead (site uncertain). The secret of his
person and the very threatening nature of his appearance made him the
crystallization point for an increasingly legendary literary and theological
tradition, whose development has not been fully explained. It probably arose
out of the trial by sacrifice in 1 Kgs. 18:21–39 and the story of the death of
Ahaziah in 2 Kgs. 1:2–17.
Elijah was an
uncompromising worshiper of Yahweh. He opposed the religious policy of the
house of Omri both in foreign affairs (the marriage with the Phoenician
Jezebel) and in domestic affairs (in relation to Canaanite sections of the
population). He posed the sharp alternative of → Yahweh or Baal. Over against
the functional → polytheism of Ahaziah, he set the claim of Yahweh to every
sphere of life in → Israel (§1).[1]
The Cup of
Elijah
An important
thing on the Passover table is a cup reserved for a very special guest. This
cup is called the Cup of Elijah because it is reserved for Elijah. This
practice actually started with a debate among the rabbis whether one should
drink four or five cups of wine. Finally, they reached a compromise. Only four
cups would actually be drunk, but there would be a fifth cup on the table that
was not drunk “until Elijah comes” to settle the dispute among the rabbis. In
the course of time, the fifth cup was named for Elijah and occupies a place of
honor on the table. The cup is set by an empty chair which is also reserved for
the Prophet Elijah. The Cup of Elijah is filled with wine between the third and
fourth cups. It has become customary that, at the end of the seder service, the
youngest son goes outside to see if Elijah is coming. After he comes back and
states that Elijah is not coming, it is just about time to draw the seder to a
close.[2]
Based upon
Malachi 4:5, Judaism teaches that before the Messiah can come, Elijah the
Prophet must come first. They also believe that when Elijah does come, it will
be on the first night of Passover. So, just in case this might be the Passover
when Elijah comes, the chair and the cup are reserved for him. Every year, of
course, he has failed to come, and that is why they conclude the service with
the words: “Next year in Jerusalem.” Elijah the Prophet has not come this year;
and if he has not come this year, it means that the Messiah will not come this
year either. And if the Messiah will not come this year, that means the Jews do
not get to go back to Jerusalem this year. They will have to wait one more
year, and so it is, “Next year in Jerusalem.”
What did Yeshua say about Elijah and John/Yochanan the Immerser?
Mat_11:14 And if you are willing to accept it, he is Elijah who is to come.
Elijah's appearance with Moses
Mat_17:3 And behold, Moses and Elijah appeared to them, talking with Yeshua.
Mat_17:4 Peter responded to Yeshua, “Master, it’s good for us to be here! If You wish, I will make three sukkot here—one for You, and one for Moses, and one for Elijah.”
Mat_17:10 The disciples questioned Him, saying, “Why then do the Torah scholars say that Elijah must come first?”
Mat_17:11 Yeshua replied, “Indeed, Elijah is coming and will restore all things.
Mat_17:12 I tell you that Elijah already came; and they didn’t recognize him, but did to him whatever they wanted. In the same way, the Son of Man is about to suffer at their hands.”
Elijah as the
Prophet with Fire
Although Moses
and Samuel were true prophets of God, a new era of biblical prophecy began with
the fiery Elijah. He called ancient Israel to task for its abominable worship
of the Baals. No more exciting narrative is found in all the Tanack/Old Testament than
the encounter between Elijah and the Baal priests (1 Kgs. 18). Elijah
demonstrated that the Lord is the God who answers with fire. A less-well-known
account from 2 Kings 1 further cements Elijah’s reputation as the prophet with
fire—both literally and symbolically:[3]
The king asked them [messengers sent by
Israelite king Ahaziah], “What kind of man was it who came to meet you and told
you this?”
They replied,
“He was a man with a garment of hair and with a leather belt around his waist.”
The king said,
“That was Elijah the Tishbite.”
Then he sent to
Elijah a captain with his company of fifty men. The captain went up to Elijah,
who was sitting on the top of a hill, and said to him, “Man of God the king
says, ‘Come down!’ ”
Elijah answered the captain, “If I am a man of
God, may fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty men!” Then
fire fell from heaven and Consumed the captain and his men.—2 Kings 1:7–10
We today are
living through an era like the days just before Elijah burst on the
scene—business as usual, little sense in society that the God of heaven is
anything more than one possible religious option. Worship the God of the
Bible if it suits you, but don’t act as if he has any exclusive claim on truth
or power, people seem to think. In Revelation 11, we meet powerful end-time
prophets that recall the days of Elijah.[4]
The Return of Elijah/Eliyahu
Another event
clearly predicted to occur before the Tribulation is the return of Elijah, in
Malachi 4:5–6:
Behold, I will send
you Elijah the prophet before the great and terrible day of Jehovah come. And
he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the
children to their fathers; lest I come and smite the earth with a curse.[5]
Verse five pinpoints the return of Elijah as
coming before the Day of Jehovah, namely before the Tribulation. Verse six
goes on to describe the nature of Elijah’s ministry when he returns, that of a
Jewish family reunion program. The Jewish family unit, strong for so many centuries,
has in these last days begun to break down and, according to the prophetic
word, will continue to break down. The ministry of Elijah is to restore this
unity in preparation for the Second Coming of the Messiah.
There is a
great deal of confusion concerning the relationship of Elijah to John the
Baptist. It should be kept in mind that the return of Elijah was never promised
before the First Coming of Messiah. Elijah was only promised to come before the
Second Coming of Messiah and before the Tribulation itself. However, a
forerunner was predicted before the First Coming of Messiah in Malachi 3:1:
Behold, I send
my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me: and the Lord, whom ye
seek, will suddenly come to his temple; and the messenger of the covenant, whom
ye desire, behold, he comes, says Jehovah of hosts.[6]
The coming of a
forerunner before the First Coming of Messiah was also predicted in Isaiah
40:3–5:
The voice of
one that cries, Prepare ye in the wilderness the way of Jehovah; make level in
the desert a highway for our God. Every valley shall be exalted, and every
mountain and hill shall be made low; and the uneven shall be made level, and
the rough places a plain: and the glory of Jehovah shall be revealed, and all
flesh shall see it together; for the mouth of Jehovah has spoken it.[7]
John the
Baptist was clearly the fulfillment of these passages, as stated in Matthew
3:1–6:
And in those
days comes John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea, saying,
Repent ye; for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. For this is he that was spoken
of through Isaiah the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the
wilderness. Make ye ready the way of the Lord, Make his paths straight. Now
John himself had his raiment of camel’s hair, and a leathern girdle about his
loins; and his food was locusts and wild honey. Then went out unto him
Jerusalem, and all Judaea, and all the region around about the Jordan; and they
were baptized of him in the river Jordan, confessing their sins.
Matthew 11:7–10
makes the same point:
And as these
went their way, Yeshua began to say unto the multitudes concerning John, What
went ye out into the wilderness to behold? a reed shaken with the wind? But
what went ye out to see? a man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they that wear
soft raiment are in king’s houses. But wherefore went ye out? to see a prophet?
Yea, I say unto you, and much more than a prophet. This is he, of whom it is
written, Behold, I send my messenger before your face, Who shall prepare your
way before you.
The same is
true in John 1:23:
He said, I am
the voice of one crying in the wilderness. Make straight the way of the Lord,
as said Isaiah the prophet.
But while John the Baptist fulfilled those
prophecies concerning the forerunner before the First Coming of Messiah, he was
not Elijah who was promised before the Second Coming. This becomes clear when
all the relevant passages are taken into account.
One important
passage bearing on this question is found in John 1:19–23:
And this is the
witness of John, when the Jews sent unto him from Jerusalem priests and Levites
to ask him, Who are you? And he confessed, and denied not; and he confessed, I
am not the Christ. And they asked him, What then? Are you Elijah? And he said,
I am not. Are you the prophet? And he answered, No. They said therefore unto
him, Who are you? that we may give an answer to them that sent us. What say you
of yourself? He said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make
straight the way of the Lord, as said Isaiah the prophet.[8]
In this passage, John the Baptist makes it
clear that he is not Elijah. He never claimed to be Elijah, and when asked, he
denied it. He only claimed to be the fulfillment of the Isaiah prophecy.
The next
passage is found in Matthew 17:9–13:
And as they
were coming down from the mountain, Yeshua commanded them, saying, Tell the
vision to no man, until the Son of man be risen from the dead. And his
disciples asked him, saying, Why then say the scribes that Elijah must first
come? And he answered and said, Elijah indeed comes, and shall restore all
things: but I say unto you, that Elijah is come already, and they knew him not,
but did unto him whatsoever they would. Even so shall the Son of man also
suffer of them. Then understood the disciples that he spoke unto them of John
the Baptist.[9]
In answer to the disciples’ question regarding
the coming of Elijah, the Messiah first of all states, in the future tense,
that Elijah will indeed come to restore all things, which is a strong allusion
to his ministry mentioned in Malachi 4:6. But this was a promise in relation to
the Second Coming and not the First Coming. Hence, Elijah is yet to come to do
the ministry of restoration. The disciples’ confusion at this stage was due to
the fact that they did not yet understand the twofold coming of the Messiah and
were still expecting Messiah to set up the Kingdom at that time. The parallel
passage in Mark 9:9–13 adds the point that if Elijah had come before the First
Coming and restored all things, then all the prophecies of the sufferings of
the First Coming would remain unfulfilled. Elijah will indeed come first,
but first before the Second Coming, not before the First Coming. John the
Baptist did not accomplish the ministry of restoration Elijah was to
accomplish.
But then Messiah adds that in one sense John
the Baptist was Elijah. In what sense? Two other passages answer that. The
first is in Matthew 11:11–14:
Verily I say
unto you, Among them that are born of women there has not arisen a greater than
John the Baptist: yea he that is but little in the kingdom of heaven is greater
than he. And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven
suffers violence, and men of violence take it by force. For all the prophets
and the law prophesied until John. And if ye are willing to receive it, this is
Elijah, that is to come.
To understand what is being said, it should
be noted that Messiah is preaching the good news of the Kingdom (vv. 11–12). If
Israel would receive it, that is, the Kingdom, then John the Baptist would
have fulfilled the function of Elijah and would have accomplished the ministry
of restoration. But the Kingdom was rejected, and hence, John the Baptist did
not fulfill the function of Elijah; thus, Elijah is yet to come to accomplish
the work of restoration.[10]
Called “the
prophet”
Elijah is considered one of the greatest of the prophets. He is not called a writing prophet because of not leaving any book like the ones from Isaiah to Malachi, but he did write 4 verses (2 ch. 21:12-15)
He is mentioned
in the tenach 69 times (17:1-19:21; 21:17-28; 2 ki
1:1-17;2:1-15;3:11;9:36;10:10;17; 2 chr 21:12; mal 4:5)
He is called
Elias (Grk form of the name) 30 times in the apostolic scriptures/nt (mt.
11:14;16:14; 17:3-12;27:47-49; mk 6:15; 8:28;9:4-13;15:35-36; lk 1:17;4:25-26;
9:8,19,30,33,54; jn 1:21-25; rom 11:2; James 5:17)
Eliyahu – God
is YHWH
Elijah’s
origins- 3 different theories are presented in the Aggadah literature. #1. He
belonged to the Tribe of Gad. #2. He was a Benjamite from Jerusalem, identical
to the Elijah mentioned in 1 chron. 8:27 and #3. he was a priest. He also led a school of the prophets, known
as “the Sons of the Prophets”.
Elijah's Miracles and His Prophecies
- Calling of fire from heaven on the altar (1Ki 18:38)
- Causing it to rain (1Ki 18:45)
- The prophecy that Ahab's sons would all be destroyed (1Ki 21:22)
- The prophecy that Jezebel would be eaten by dogs (1Ki 21:23)
- The prophecy that Ahaziah would die of his illness (2Ki 1:4)
- Calling fire from heaven upon the first 50 soldiers (2Ki 1:10)
- Calling fire from heaven upon the second 50 soldiers (2Ki 1:12)
- Parting of the Jordan (2Ki 2:8)
- The prophecy that Elisha should have a double portion of his spirit (2Ki 2:10)
- Being caught up to heaven in a whirlwind (2Ki 2:11)
- Parting of the Jordan (2Ki 2:8)
- The prophecy that Elisha should have a double portion of his spirit (2Ki 2:10)
- Being caught up to heaven in a whirlwind (2Ki 2:11) God’s intervention
- Parting of the Jordan (2Ki 2:8)
- The prophecy that Elisha should have a double portion of his spirit (2Ki 2:10)
- Being caught up to heaven in a whirlwind (2Ki 2:11) God’s intervention
- Parting of the Jordan (2Ki 2:8)
- The prophecy that Elisha should have a double portion of his spirit (2Ki 2:10)
- Being caught up to heaven in a whirlwind (2Ki 2:11) God’s intervention
The character
of Elijah[11]
Weaknesses:
Fear (1 Kings 19)- Right after God brought about a great miracle and
answered Elijah’s prayer on Mt. Carmel, Elijah grew afraid of Jezebel and ran
away. This demonstrated a lack of faith in God and His protection. (There are over 300 vs that tell us not to fear).
It usually is
after our greatest victory the enemy comes in to steal our joy and faith.
Inconsistent/prone
to ups and downs- Elijah was a human. He experienced highs and lows in his
Sometimes he had an emotional high and then depression would follow.
Jas 5:17 Elijah
was a man with a nature like ours, and he prayed earnestly that it might
not rain. And it did not rain on the earth for three years and six months.
Jas 5:18 He
prayed again, and the sky gave rain, and the earth produced its fruit.
In our weakness
God shows himself strong on our behalf
Ps. 28:7-8, Ps.
37:39-40, Ps. 46:2-4, Isa. 40:29-31
Psa 28:7 Adonai is my strength and my
shield. My heart trusts in Him, and I was helped. Therefore my heart leaps for
joy, and I will praise Him with my song.
Psa 28:8
Adonai is their strength—a stronghold of salvation for His anointed.
Psa 37:39
Yet the salvation of the righteous is from Adonai. He is their
stronghold in time of trouble.
Psa 37:40 Adonai helps them and delivers them. He rescues them from the wicked and saves them—because they take refuge in Him.
Psa 46:2 God is our refuge and strength,
an ever-present help in trouble.
Psa 46:3
Therefore we will not fear, though the earth change, though the
mountains topple into the heart of the seas,
Psa 46:4
though its waters roar and foam, though the mountains quake at their
swelling. Selah
Isa 40:29
He gives strength to the weary, and to one without vigor He adds might.
Isa 40:30
Even youths grow tired and weary, and young men stumble and fall,
Isa 40:31 but they who wait for Adonai will renew their strength. They will soar up with wings as eagles. They will run, and not grow weary. They will walk, and not be faint.
Strengths: Elijah was a dedicated servant of
the Lord in a time when it was very dangerous to even believe in or worship the
true God. There are many strengths in his life that we can learn from.
Faith (1 Kings 17:1, 21;18)- There were several times in his life when
Elijah demonstrated great faith in God. He confronted Ahab at the very
beginning of the account, and God used him to bring a drought onto the land.
Soon after that he pleaded with God to raise up the dead boy and God listened
to him. The New Testament says that if we have faith we can move mountains and
Elijah is an example of someone who demonstrated this kind of faith. Another
example is his challenge to the prophets of Baal. He put his life on the line,
having faith that God would answer his prayer and show Himself to His people.
God expects His Children to Walk by
Faith/Trust In Him. Faith is not an option!
Heb 11:1,6;
James 2:17-20 Romans 10:17, 2 Chron 20:20
Heb
11:1 Now faith is the substance of
things hoped for, the evidence of realities not seen.
Heb 11:6 Now without faith it is impossible to please God. For the one who comes to God must believe that He exists and that He is a rewarder of those who seek Him.
Jas 2:17 So
also faith, if it does not have works, is dead by itself.
Jas 2:18
But someone will say, “You have faith and I have works.” Show me your faith without works and
I will show you faith by my works.
Jas 2:19
You believe that God is one. You do well. The demons also believe—and shudder!
Jas 2:20 But do you want to know, you empty person, that faith without works is dead?
Rom 10:17 So faith comes from hearing, and hearing by the word of Messiah.
2Ch 20:20 Early in the morning they arose and went out into the wilderness of Tekoa. As they went forth, Jehoshaphat stood and said, “Listen to me, O Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem! Believe in Adonai your God and you will be confirmed. Trust in His prophets and you will succeed.”
Obedience (1 Kings 17:3,5; 17:9-10, 18:1-2)- On several occasions God gave
Elijah very difficult commands. He told him to go to a river and wait there and
the ravens would provide for him. Elijah did it. God told him to go and let a
poor widow provide for him. Elijah did it. God told him to go confront Ahab,
the king who hated him and wanted to kill him. Elijah did it.
God expects His children to be
obedient to His Torah/Teachings and Instructions and to our Messiah Yeshua
Deut. 26:16, Josh 1:8, 1 Sam. 15:22. Matt
7:21, Acts 5:29
Deu 26:16 This day Adonai your God is commanding you to do these statutes and ordinances—so you are to take care and do them with all your heart and with all your soul.
Jos 1:8
This book of the Torah should not depart from your mouth—you are to
meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do everything
written in it. For then you will make your ways prosperous and then you will be
successful.
Jos 1:9 Have I not commanded you? Chazak! Be strong! Do not be terrified or dismayed, for Adonai your God is with you wherever you go.”
1Sa 15:22 Samuel said: “Does Adonai delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as in obeying the voice of Adonai? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, to pay heed than the fat of rams.
Mat 7:21 “Not everyone who
says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord!’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the
will of My Father in heaven.
Mat 7:22
Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, didn’t
we prophesy in Your name, and drive out demons in Your name, and perform many
miracles in Your name?’
Mat 7:23 Then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you. Get away from Me, you workers of lawlessness!’”
Act 5:29 Peter and the emissaries replied, “We must obey God rather than men.
Courage- On numerous occasions Elijah showed great courage by risking his
life in order to make a stand for God in front of the people or in front of
Ahab, hoping to encourage them to choose to serve God rather than Baal.
God commands us NOT to fear man and
to be courageous in serving Him!
Joshua 1:6-7,
Deut. 31:6
Jos 1:6
Chazak! Be strong! For you will lead these people to inherit the land I
swore to their fathers to give them.
Jos 1:7 Only be very strong, and resolute to observe diligently the Torah which Moses, My servant commanded you. Do not turn from it to the right or to the left, so you may be successful wherever you go.
Deu 31:6 Chazak! Be courageous! Do not be afraid or tremble before them. For Adonai your God—He is the One who goes with you. He will not fail you or abandon you.”
Selfless- What was Elijah’s motivation for the major events in his life
(see 1 Kings 18:37)
We are to Put God First and others
before ourselves.
Math 16:24,
Luke 14:26-27, Romans 8:13, Romans 15:1; Gal. 5:24
Mat 16:24
Then Yeshua said to His disciples, “If anyone wants to
follow after Me, he must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow Me.
Mat 16:25 For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will find it.
Luk 14:26 “If anyone comes to
Me and does not hate his own father, mother, wife, children, brothers, and
sisters—and yes, even his own life—he cannot be My disciple.
Luk 14:27 Whoever does not carry his own cross and follow Me cannot be My disciple.
Rom 8:13
For if you live according to the flesh, you must die; but if by the
Ruach you put to death the deeds of the body, you shall live.
Rom 8:14 For all who are led by the Ruach Elohim, these are sons of God.
Rom 15:1 Now we who are strong ought to
bear the weaknesses of the powerless and not just please ourselves.
Rom 15:2 Let each of us please his neighbor for his good, for building him up.
Gal 5:24
Now those who belong to Messiah have crucified the flesh with its
passions and desires.
Gal 5:25 If
we live by the Ruach, let us also walk by the Ruach.
Gal 5:26
Let us not become conceited—provoking one another, envying one another.
*********************************************************
Please go to our website for the
audio teachings of this study:
http://www.deborahsmessianicministries.com/Podcast.htm
[1] Fahlbusch, E., & Bromiley, G. W. (1999-2003). Vol. 2: The encyclopedia of Christianity (81). Grand Rapids, MI; Leiden, Netherlands: Wm. B. Eerdmans; Brill.
[2] Fruchtenbaum, A. G. (1983). Vol. 114: The Messianic Bible Study Collection (20). Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries.
[3] Easley, K. H. (1998). Vol. 12: Revelation. Holman New Testament
Commentary (187). Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers.
[4] Easley, K. H. (1998). Vol. 12: Revelation. Holman New Testament
Commentary (187). Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers.
[5] Fruchtenbaum, A. G. (2003). The footsteps of the Messiah : A study of the sequence of prophetic events (Rev. ed.) (130). Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries.
[6] Fruchtenbaum,
A. G. (2003). The footsteps of the Messiah : A study of the sequence of
prophetic events (Rev. ed.) (130). Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries.
[7] Fruchtenbaum, A. G. (2003). The footsteps of the Messiah : A study of the sequence of prophetic events (Rev. ed.) (131). Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries.
[8] Fruchtenbaum, A. G. (2003). The footsteps of the Messiah : A study
of the sequence of prophetic events (Rev. ed.) (131). Tustin, CA: Ariel
Ministries.
[9] Fruchtenbaum, A. G. (2003). The footsteps of the Messiah : A study
of the sequence of prophetic events (Rev. ed.) (131). Tustin, CA: Ariel
Ministries.
[10] Fruchtenbaum, A. G. (2003). The footsteps of the Messiah : A study
of the sequence of prophetic events (Rev. ed.) (131). Tustin, CA: Ariel
Ministries.
[11]
All Scriptures are from the Tree of Life Version of the Bible
